The České Dráhy Railway's Boří Les train station in Břeclav, South Moravian, Czech Republic, on May 20, 2001. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Austria-15-03
A České Dráhy Railway mail car of Česká Pošta waits outside a station in Břeclav, South Moravian, Czech Republic, on May 20, 2001. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Austria-15-08
České Dráhy Railway 4-8-2 steam locomotives no. 475-101 and electric no. 363 008-4 pull in alongside each other at Břeclav Railway Station in Břeclav, South Moravian, Czech Republic, on May 20, 2001. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Austria-15-10
A steam locomotive moves Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) freight and passenger cars along the track in Grodzisk, Greater Poland, Poland on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-03
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-10-0 steam locomotive no. Ty42-148 outside a factory station in Grodzisk, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-04
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) diesel locomotive no. SU46-033 waits outside the town station in Grodzisk, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-07
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-10-0 steam locomotive no. Ty42-148 pulls in next to a platform at Grodzisk Wielkopolski station in Grodzisk, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-08
A Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive pulls into Wolsztyn station parallel to a nearby passenger car in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-11
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-10-0 steam locomotive no. Ty42-148 with a passenger train at Wolsztyn station, where workers confer with the engine crew, in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 5, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-12
Wolsztyn train yard with Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) diesel locomotive no. SU45-097 in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-14
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. 220 sits stationary by Wolsztyn Station in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-15
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive sits at yard in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-17
Wolsztyn Roundhouse holds several Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotives; left to right visible nos. Ok1-359, OI49-7, 148, and OU49-59. Taken in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-19
A close-up shot of Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 4-6-0 steam locomotive no. Ok1-359 leaving the Wolsztyn Roundhouse in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Springer-Europe-01-21
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-10-0 steam locomotive no. Ty42-148 leaves bay no. 6 from the Wolsztyn Roundhouse in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-22
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-10-0 steam locomotive no. Ty51-223 waits for assignment in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-01-25
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. Pt47-65 and Polskie Koleje Państwowe diesel locomotive no. SP45-077 wait alongside each other at Wolsztyn Station in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-01
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. 0l49-81 waits at Wolsztyn station in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-03
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) locomotive no. Pt47-85 moves along the track outside Wolsztyn station in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-05
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. Ol49-32 moves past a signal at Wolsztyn station in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-21
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-8-2 steam locomotive no. Pt47-65 waits as a worker inspects it in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-25
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive no. Ol49-32 leaves bay no. 6 at the Wolsztyn Roundhouse in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-26
A Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive with a two-car passenger train in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-27
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) diesel locomotive no. SP45-143 passes a number of signals on its way out of Wolsztyn Station in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-29
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-10-0 steam locomotive no. Ty42-148 in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-31
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) diesel locomotive no. SU45-097 travels on a rural track in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-33
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-10-0 steam locomotive no. Ty42-148 in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-02-36
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. Pt47-65 moves into the station in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-03
Two Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) trains wait for passengers in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. The steam locomotive is no. Pt. 47-65 and the diesel is no. SP45-183. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-06
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-8-2 steam locomotive no. Pt47-65 travels under a bridge in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-07
A worker uses a crane to service Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. TK148-143 while no. Pt47-65 waits next to the turntable in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-12
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive no. Ol49-32 in the yard in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-17
A view of Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive Ol49-32 and its driver in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-18
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive TK148-143 on the service track in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-19
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam engine no.Ol49-32 in the yard at Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, Wolsztyn on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-20
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) diesel locomotive no. SM31-160 sits in the yard in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-22
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-8-2 steam locomotive no. Pt47-65 bathed in rays of sunlight in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-25
A videographer leans out from the cab of a steam locomotive in Konotop, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-36
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. 25D49 moves two passenger car train down the track away from a tower in the distance in Konotop, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-38
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. Pt47-65 waits at Konotop station as a man with a bike walks by and a load of logs resides on a nearby track in Konotop, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 20, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-03-39
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) electric locomotive no. ET22-581 at the platform in Rzepin, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 22, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-01
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. TKt48-143 moves underneath an overpass in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 22, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-07
A Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive and its driver on the overgrown tracks in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-10
A Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) diesel locomotive no. SM42-1012 sits between the railroad crossing and station building in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-11
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive no. 0l49-23 in Kopanica, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-16
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive no. 0l49-23 waits by the platform in Zodyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-18
An overview shot of the Wolsztyn train station and its platforms with several waiting locomotives in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-22
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. Ol49-81 lays in wait under a blue sky at Wolsztyn train station in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-24
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive no. Ol49-23 waits with its driver at the Wolsztyn train station platform in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-29
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. 0l49-105 travels past two railroad workers talking on the platform in Powodowo, Greater Poland, Poland, On May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-33
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. 0l49-105 with a passenger train pulls into Kopanica station in Kopanica, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-35
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. Ty43-123 in Zodyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-38
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) 2-6-2 steam locomotive no. 0l49-23 at the platform in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-41
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways) steam locomotive no. Ol49-32 under the platform bridge in Wolsztyn, Greater Poland, Poland, on May 21, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-04-43
Československé Státní Dráhy or later Czech Railways electric locomotive no. 240-048-9 sits alone on the track in a part of the Czech Republic on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-01
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) diesel locomotive no. 705-907-4 and workers at a station in the Czech Republic on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art.Springer-Europe-14-02
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) passenger car no. 2 sits with other equipment in a yard in the Czech Republic on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-03
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) electric locomotive no. S499-0249 moves along the platform next to passengers in the Czech Republic on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-05
Two Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) diesel railcars wait at a platform in the area of Veseli, Czech Republic on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-07
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) electric locomotives nos. 363-128-0 (blue) and S499-0249 (red/yellow) in Veseli, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-09
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) electric locomotive no. 363-167-8 stops at a station in Veseli, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-10
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) diesel locomotive no. 754-020-6 moves under the many electrical wires and past the station in Veseli, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-11
A new Deutsche Reichsbahn (under West Germany) later known as Deutsche Bahn Railway (DB German Railway) cab car waits at a platform in the Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-14
An electric locomotive, no. 171-012-8, stopped at the platform in Blankenberg, Czech Republic, on May 28, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-38
A "Coca-Cola" painted train moves through the station in Blankenberg, Czech Republic, on May 28, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-39
Street car no. 37-2 turns a corner with its many passengers in Halberstadt, Czech Republic, on May 28, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-14-42
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 moves along a grassy track in Strizovice, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-15-03
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) diesel locomotive sits at the Blažejov Station in Blažejov, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-15-06
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 journeys alongside a dirt road in Jindris, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art.Springer-Europe-15-10
A close-up of a Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) passenger car at Jindris, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-15-13
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 and crew in Jindris, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art.Springer-Europe-15-14
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 pulls a train in Jindris, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art.Springer-Europe-15-19
Two workers with Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 as it stands stopped in Jindrichuv Hradec, Czech Republic on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-15-29
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 and onlookers in Jindrichuv Hradec, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art.Springer-Europe-15-34
A close-up of the front view of the Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 in Jindrichuv Hradec, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-15-35
A worn Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) passenger car in a yard in Jindrichuv Hradec, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-15-37
A green Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) passenger car in Jindrichuv Hradec, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art.Springer-Europe-15-39
Československé Státní Dráhy diesel locomotive no. 705-915-7 in Jindřichův Hradec, South Bohemian, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-15-40
The train yard in Jindřichův Hradec, South Bohemian, Czech Republic, with diesel locomotive no. 742-265-2 on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-15-41
Österreichische Bundesbahnen or Austrian Federal Railways snowplow no. 98-505-6 stands ready in Gmund, Czech Republic, on May 31, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art.Springer-Europe-16-06
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) railcar no. 810-251-9 and its drivers prepare for the passengers and the day's travel in the area of Veseli, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-16-11
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) electric locomotive no. 242-249-1 moves forward next to the platform in Veseli, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-16-12
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) diesel locomotive passes through a flower-filled field as it travels in Hurky, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-16-14
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 and a worker in Nova Bystrice, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-16-23
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 in Nova Bystrice, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-16-25
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 crosses over a bridge in Alber, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-16-29
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 in Hurky, Czech Republic, on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-16-32
Československé Státní Dráhy (Czech Railways) steam locomotive no. U47-001 and train in the Czech Republic on May 30, 1993. Photograph by Fred M. Springer, © 2014, Center for Railroad Photography and Art. Springer-Europe-16-39